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Marietta Piccolomini
Marietta Piccolomini (5 March 1834 - 11 December 1899)〔The birthdate given in this article is stated by the Register of baptisms — year 1834 — number 215 — of the former Parish of Saints Quiricus and Julitta in Sienna, while the death date given is engraved upon the singer's tombstone in Florence's Cimitero delle Porte Sante (Giampaolo Bianchi, ''op. cit.''). Therefore, the different conflicting dates reported by various sources (birthdates include 15 March 1834; death dates include 11 February, and 20 or 23 December 1899) are to be held unfounded.〕 was an Italian soprano.
==Biography==
Marietta Piccolomini was born Maria Teresa Violante Piccolomini Clementini in Siena (Sienna), Italy on 5 March 1834. She was descended from Italian nobility, 〔see Piccolomini〕 and her parents were horrified at her wanting to pursue a career in opera, but she succeeded in persuading them to allow her to do so. From the age of four years, Marietta had amused herself at playing at mock theatrical representations. She used to sing duets with her mother, a skilful amateur, and she had been instructed by Pietro Romani (1791-1877), one of the first professional singing teachers in Italy.〔Ellen Creathorne Clayton (1863) ''Queens of Song'', Smith, Elder & Co., London (digitized by Google Books)()〕
Marietta had long implored her father to allow her to appear on the stage. At last she prevailed and she made her debut in Rome, November, 1852, in Donizetti's ''Poliuto'' and Antonio Cagnoni’s ''Don Bucefalo'', under the guidance of her teacher, Romani. Then she appeared in her native town of Sienna and subsequently, she went to Florence, where she performed in ''Lucrezia Borgia''.〔This is frequently but erroneously given as her debut in biographical notes.〕〔
In Pisa in 1853, she sang ''Gilda'' in ''Rigoletto'' and in Turin in 1855 she sang ''Violetta'' in ''La Traviata'', a role in which she became especially famous.〔〔Henry Fothergill Chorley (1862) ''Thirty years' Musical Recollections'', Vol. 2, Hurst and Blackett, London (Digitized by Google Books) ()〕 The response in Turin was a spectacle not seen before in the world of entertainment. Throngs surrounded her hotel. Men tried to unharness the horses from her carriage so that they might draw it through the streets themselves but she would not permit this.〔
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